Where they were the Germans was death. In a rice
factory next to a football field, the Germans established one of their favorite
industries, extermination.
In Risiera San Sabba, within its walls died between
4,000 and 5,000 people between 1943 and 1945. Some died asphyxiated by gas
exhaust of the vans SS, others shot in the neck and many others strangled or
shot. There is evidence that the crematory swallowed many are still alive.
Neither the roar of the engines, or dog´s barking or music prevented that from
outside the cries of the prisoners would listen.
The horror began in September 1943 when the Nazis
occupied Trieste Risiera transformed into a prison camp. Only a month later,
and used this resort as a transit point for those deported to Germany and
deposit forfeited assets to the Hebrews. A few more months and Risiera San
Sabba had become the only death camp in Italy. In April 1944, they tested the
new crematorium and the chimney was previously used for rice with the bodies of
70 executed in Opicina. It worked perfectly. They boarded up the windows,
walled entire complex and even decorated a neighboring building as a residence
of the commander of lager.
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| Children´s killers |
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| Farewell to one of one of the shot Traduction : Dear Mam : I write you for said that today will be shot. Goodway for ever. Dear Mam goodway. Dear sister goodway. Dear Father goodway.
Transit camp for Jews and military intended to extermination camps in Poland and Germany, Risiera also worked as a site for mass extermination and individuals.
According to the reconstruction of the historians, the inmates of the Rice Mill, between October 1943 and April 1945, awaiting transfer were 20,000, and among them there were 1,300 Jews in the region. Of the 700 racial deportees ofTrieste, only about twenty returned. It is also estimated that people are eliminated in place between 4000 and 5000, not yet identified all. The crematorium and its chimney were destroyed by the Germans on the run in the night between 29 and 30 April 1945. Among the debris were found human bones and ashes, collected in three paper bags than those used for the cement that evidently had been prepared for the customary transport to the sea, where they were dispersed. Among the interned Jews there were entire families with children. In addition, a large group of young teenagers, for forced labor, was transferred from the Rice Mill Karst in December 1944. As for Pino Robusti ( an inmate ) , the mother after the liberation could recognize the jacket of his son, killed and cremated April 7, 1945.
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The extermination camp was in operation until April
1945 when the Nazis fled and decided to blow up the crematorium to leave no
traces of their crimes. Too late. Among the rubble sacks and sacks of bones and
human ashes were filled.
Nobody ever paid for this tragedy. The case was closed
in April 1976 after three years of trials. Goblocnik, head of the SS during the
Nazi occupation of Trieste, committed suicide with cyanide before being
captured by a British patrol in 1945. Joseph Oberhauser, the first commander of
the Risiera, continued to serve beer in Monaco until 1979 when he died and August
Dietrich Allers , his immediate superior, died during the trial in 1975. The
Italian justice never demanded the extradition of Oberhauser because the
italo-German agreements governing these facts are valid only for crimes committed after 1948 (¡!)
As usual with the German mass killers , they were not punished or their punishments were similar to a chicken thief penalties.
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| Killer Josef Oberhauser |
First he killed mentally ills :
At the end of the
Invasion of Poland, he was no longer with the SS-Totenkopfverbände "Brandenburg" section, but
was assigned to Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Heil- und Pflegeanstalten, part of the office for Action T4 and one of several front organizations of Hitler's Chancellery, in November 1939. This organization was responsible for the
killing of approximately 100,000 mentally ill and disabled people during Action T4. At the killing centers of Grafeneck, Brandenburg and Bernburg, where these people were murdered en masse by gas (carbon monoxide
poisoning), Oberhauser was a Brenner (burner),
or Leichenbrenner (corpse
burner): he was responsible for the burning of the bodies in the specially
installed crematory ovens.
Oberhauser also “worked” in the exterminion Belsen camp .
– Belzec Trial - Sentence: LG Munich I dated 21 January 1965, 110 Ks
3/64. IV. The duties of the defendant in Belzec and Lublin.[4]
The
defendant, Oberhauser, – then an SS-Oberscharführer – was on the staff of the senior SS and Police Leader in Lublin from
November to Christmas 1941. Subsequently, he was assigned to work for the camp
commandant of Belzec (Christian Wirth), which saw him appointed as liaison officer to the
staff of the senior SS and Police Leader and moreover, unlike other
non-commissioned officers, given no fixed area of responsibility within the
camp; on the contrary, he was free to do as he personally saw fit. …
…Oberhauser given a role at the implementation of mass
killings, the illegality of which he had fully recognized. For example, on the
orders of the camp commandant, Wirth, he met trainloads arriving at Belzec,
each comprising at least 150 people, at the camp gates on at least five
occasions in the period from mid-March to 1st August 1942. He led the
supervision of the unloading of the trains and made sure that the train crew
did not enter the camp area but were held outside the camp in readiness, to be
able to reinforce the outer cordon in case there was an uprising or desperate
breakout attempt by the doomed people. All the Jews who arrived on these trains
were killed in the manner already described.
When, in spring 1942, a major expansion of Belzec Camp
was carried out to increase its capacity for extermination, it was the task of
the defendant, to procure the necessary building materials, in particular, for
the construction of the larger gas chamber facility. He was allocated vehicles
and the people necessary for the fulfillment of this task. In exercising his
duties, he was aware of the fact that the work carried out with his assistance,
was intended to create the conditions for a significant increase in the numbers
of those exterminated. On 1 August 1942, as inspector of the three
extermination camps of Belzec, Treblinka and Sobibor, Wirth moved to his new office in Lublin, and
succeeded in getting Oberhauser, whom he assessed as a dutiful subordinate,
also transferred there. There, the defendant was given the command of the
Ukrainian guards employed by the staff of the senior SS and Police Leader, Globocnik, to guard important sites in Lublin. In addition, he
was still available to Wirth, and had to act as an escort on his inspection
visits to the extermination camps.
After his release, Oberhauser
was employed as a sawmill worker in Bevensen. On
13 April 1948, he was arrested during a stay in the Soviet
occupation zone. On 24 September 1948, he was convicted by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany of violating "Control
Council Law No. 10" of 20 December 1945 (which also served as a
basis at the Nuremberg Trials), by his membership in a
criminal organization (the SS) and his killing of victims in Grafeneck, Brandenburg and Bernburg. Oberhauser was sentenced to 15 years
in prison and 10 years deprivation of civil rights. He was granted an amnesty
on 28 April 1956, and released after only 8 years. Following his release, Josef
Oberhauser served as a casual labourer, bartender and waiter in Munich.
In 1963 the Bełżec trial began and Oberhauser was one of 8 defendants charged with war crimes
committed at the extermination camp. On 30 January 1964, all of the defendants
but Oberhauser were acquitted due to the collapse of the prosecution case but
re-arrested shortly thereafter. Oberhauser appeared before the court again in
January 1965. He was found guilty of a number of charges, namely:
·
Five other
crimes of aiding and abetting collective murder in each of 150 cases
Oberhauser was sentenced to 4 years
and 6 months imprisonment. He was released after serving half of his sentence.
Oberhauser was sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia for his crimes committed in Italy, but the Italian extradition
request failed. Josef Oberhauser died on 20 November 1979 in Munich.
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